http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/5/290.full – The foot core system
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvCUnsptHik – Future of foot biomechanics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0R4zRSE_-40 – ankle joint complex 3D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGnHE2eygQo Anterior ankle impingement – how to treat
https://www.youtube.com/user/correcttoes/videos – Correcttoes youtube collection
Anatomy and Biomechanics:
- http://www.physio-pedia.com/Biomechanics_of_Foot_and_Ankle
- http://clinicalgate.com/lower-leg-ankle-and-foot-2/
Evaluation:
Anterior Drawer
Calf Squeeze Test
External Rotation Test
Fracture Screening Tests
Impingement Sign
Navicular Drop Test
Squeeze Test
Talar Tilt Test
Tarsal Tunnel Test
Test for Interdigital Neuroma
Windlass Mechanism Test’
Calf Squeeze Test
External Rotation Test
Fracture Screening Tests
Impingement Sign
Navicular Drop Test
Squeeze Test
Talar Tilt Test
Tarsal Tunnel Test
Test for Interdigital Neuroma
Windlass Mechanism Test’
Ottowa Ankle Rules:
The Ottowa Ankle rules are used to determine if a radiograph needs to be ordered.”Refer for Radiographs:
If there is pain in the malleolar or mid-foot area, and any one of the following:
An inability to bear weight both immediately after injury and in the emergency department for four steps.Bone tenderness along any of the following areas:
-the distal 6 cm of the posterior edge of the tibia or tip of the medial malleolus
-the distal 6 cm of the posterior edge of the fibula or tip of the lateral malleolus
-the base of the fifth metatarsal (for foot injuries), or the navicular bone (for foot injuries).”
The Ottowa Ankle rules are used to determine if a radiograph needs to be ordered.”Refer for Radiographs:
If there is pain in the malleolar or mid-foot area, and any one of the following:
An inability to bear weight both immediately after injury and in the emergency department for four steps.Bone tenderness along any of the following areas:
-the distal 6 cm of the posterior edge of the tibia or tip of the medial malleolus
-the distal 6 cm of the posterior edge of the fibula or tip of the lateral malleolus
-the base of the fifth metatarsal (for foot injuries), or the navicular bone (for foot injuries).”
JC Physiotherapy 